Thymosin β4 (human, mouse, rat, porcine, bovine) (acetate)

An actin-sequestering peptide; regulates cytoskeletal rearrangement by binding to actin (Kds = 0.7 and 2.1 µM for human platelets and rabbit muscle, respectively) and inhibiting the polymerization of actin monomers; increases in vitro migration of HUVECs, keratinocytes, and coronary artery endothelial cells, but not fibroblasts, actin smooth muscle cells, neutrophils, monocytes, or HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cells at 0.001-1 µg/ml; increases gap closure and reduces wound width in a rat full-thickness cutaneous wound model at 60 µg; inhibits TNF-α induced NF-ĸB phosphorylation and nuclear translocation in immortalized human corneal epithelial cells at 1 µg/ml; decreases the expression of CXCL1, CXCL2, MMP-9, and MMP-2 in the cornea in a mouse model of sodium hydroxide-induced corneal injury at 5 µg