17β-Estradiol

The major pre-menopausal bioactive estrogen and an active metabolite of testosterone; binds to estrogen receptors localized to the nucleus, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane and induces gene transcription or non-genomic intracellular signaling in a location-dependent manner; regulates reproductive development in females and spermatogenesis in males, as well as various non-reproductive processes including lipid and glucose homeostasis, bone mass maintenance, cognition, energy balance, and dilation of blood vessels; deficiency is associated with fatigue, incontinence, osteoporosis, depression, emotional instability, and hot flashes