20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3

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A saponin that inhibits angiogenesis; dose-dependently reduces proliferation, capillary tube branching, and the expression of MMP-9 and MMP-2 at 0.001-1 µM in HUVECs; inhibits tumor cell invasion of MM1, B16FE7, OC-10, and PSN-1 cells in vitro by 89, 73.7, 84.2, and 59.1%, respectively, at 25 µM; reduces tumor volume, increases the tumor necrosis rate by approximately 16%, and increases survival in a human Lewis carcinoma mouse xenograft model at 20 mg/kg; reduces the total number of B16-BL6 and 26-M3.1 cell lung colonies in mice by 27 and 51%, respectively, at 100 µg, i.v.; reduces ear thickness of mice by 47.5% in an oxazolone-induced contact dermatitis model and reduces expression of COX-2, IL-4, IL-1, IFN, and TNF mRNA at 0.05% w/v, topical