Spexin 1 (human, mouse, rat, bovine) (acetate)

An endogenous peptide and agonist of GAL2 and GAL3; selectively activates GAL2 and GAL3 over GAL1 in HEK293 cells expressing the human receptors and Gαqi (EC50s = 0.161, 0.626, and >10 µM, respectively, in reporter assays); decreases body weight, fat mass, serum triglyceride levels, and blood glucose and insulin levels in a mouse model of high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis at 50 µg/kg; decreases heart rate and urine flow rate, increases MAP and urinary sodium excretion, and has antinociceptive activity in the warm water tail withdrawal test in rats at 30 nmol/animal, i.c.v.