COVID-19 proteins

The nucleocapsid protein (N-protein) and spike protein (S-protein) are encoded by all coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Below are a range of the COVID-19 proteins we can provide.

Nucleocapsid Protein (N-Protein)
The nucleocapsid protein (N-protein) is a structural protein that binds to the coronavirus RNA genome, thus creating a shell (or capsid) around the enclosed nucleic acid. The N-protein also 1) interacts with the viral membrane protein during viral assembly, 2) assists in RNA synthesis and folding, 3) plays a role in virus budding, and 4) affects host cell responses, including cell cycle and translation.

Spike Protein (S-Protein)
The spike protein (S-protein) performs two primary tasks that aid in host infection: 1) mediates the attachment between the virus and host cell surface receptors, and 2) facilitates viral entry into the host cell by assisting in the fusion of the viral and host cell membranes.

ACE2
ACE2 is an endogenous membrane protein that enables COVID-19 infection. During infection, the extracellular peptidase domain of ACE2 binds to the receptor binding domain of spike protein, which is a surface protein on SARS-CoV-2.